What are three maximum punishments that a commanding officer holding the rank of major or above can impose in NJP?

The chosen answer highlights the maximum punishments that can be imposed by a commanding officer of the rank of major or above during Non-Judicial Punishment (NJP), which is a disciplinary process within the military.

Correctional custody for 30 days is significant because it allows the commanding officer to impose a specific confinement period in which the service member is isolated from normal duties and activities, enabling focused discipline and correction. The possibility of reducing the service member to the lowest or any intermediate grade represents a serious consequence that can impact an individual's career progression, morale, and overall standing within the unit. Additionally, restriction for 45 days signifies substantial limitations on a service member's liberty, effectively ensuring close supervision and restricting their movements, which serves both as punishment and a deterrent.

This combination of consequences reflects the serious nature of NJP and the commander's ability to administer effective discipline, ensuring that the service member understands the implications of their actions. The other options present varying forms of punishment that either do not meet the maximum thresholds for a major or above or combine punishments that are not applicable under the guidelines for NJP.