What is the main purpose of the Law of War?

The primary purpose of the Law of War is to protect both combatants and noncombatants from unnecessary suffering during armed conflicts. This legal framework is designed to establish rules that mitigate the harsh impacts of war and to provide guidelines for the conduct of hostilities. By doing so, the Law of War seeks to ensure that military operations respect human rights and dignity, taking into consideration the need to preserve life and minimize suffering. It distinguishes between those who are engaged in combat and those who are not, ensuring that noncombatants—such as civilians and medical personnel—are safeguarded from the devastating effects of military actions. This focus on reducing unnecessary suffering is fundamental to international humanitarian law and reflects the moral and ethical considerations surrounding warfare.