Which of the following is NOT typically included in combat stress?

High levels of training are not typically included in the concept of combat stress. Combat stress refers to the psychological and physical responses that personnel experience in the high-pressure and chaotic environment of combat. These responses often manifest from factors like the fog of war, which encompasses uncertainty and confusion experienced in battle, as well as discomfort, fatigue, and the stress associated with witnessing or being involved in casualties.

The training that military personnel undergo is designed to prepare them for combat situations, equipping them with the skills and mental resilience necessary to cope with the stresses of battle. While training can influence how personnel respond to combat stress, it is not a component of the stress itself. In fact, a high level of training can mitigate some of the adverse effects of combat stress, as it often includes stress inoculation techniques and coping strategies.