Which two techniques are used to orient a map?

The correct answer revolves around the effective use of a compass and terrain association for map orientation.

Using a compass allows for precise navigation and helps a person align the map with magnetic north. This means that you can accurately determine the direction you need to travel based on the compass reading, thereby clearly orienting the map in relation to the actual terrain.

Terrain association involves using identifiable features in the landscape (such as roads, rivers, hills, and buildings) to locate oneself on the map. By matching those features with those on the map, a person can determine their current position and adjust the map accordingly. This technique is especially helpful when terrain features are visible that correspond directly with the map's layout.

Together, these methods ensure that a map can be oriented accurately, allowing for effective navigation and route planning in the field. The other options do not combine these two specific and crucial techniques for effective map orientation, which is why they are not the correct answer.